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Pain Management -Evaluation Protocol

Evaluation

“All the information contained in this section is for guidance only. Psious environments are therapy supporting tools that must be used by the healthcare professional within an evaluation and intervention process designed according to the characteristics and needs of the user.

Also remember that you have the General Clinical Guide in which you have more information on how to adapt psychological intervention techniques (exposure, systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, chip economy…) to Psious environments.”

OBJECTIVES 
  • Determine the presence of emotional disorders.
  • Determine the presence of pain behaviors and associated distorted thoughts.
  • Determine the presence of anxiety and associated thoughts.
Useful tools for the evaluation of Chronic Pain and Anxiety 

Taking into account the evaluation objectives, we will list some tools that may be useful to obtain relevant information about the characteristics of your user. Remember that a good definition of the objectives, a well conducted patient characterization and intervention planning are important for the therapeutic efficiency and effectiveness, as well as for the satisfaction of your user. In the bibliography you will find the articles in which to review the characteristics of the tools proposed below:

Open or semi-structured interview
  • Structured interview ADIS-IV
SELF-REPORTS

Regarding Chronic Pain, there are specific scales to measure it:

  •  One-dimensional 
    1.  VAS (Visual Analogue Scales) (Carlsson, 1983) 
    2. Numeric Scale 
    3.  Facial Pain Scale 
  • Multidimensional 
    1. McGill Pain Questionnaire, MPQ (Melzack & Torgerson, 1971) 
    2.  Lattinen Index, IL (Monsalve, Soriano and De Andrés, 2006) 
    3. Brief Pain Inventory, BPI (Badia et al, 2003) 
  • Neuropathic Pain Rating Scales
    1.  The LANSS Pain Scale (Bennett, 2001) 
    2.  The Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) (Krause & Backonja, 2003) 
    3. Neuropathic pain in 4 questions (DN4) (Bouhassira et al, 2005) 
    4.  PainDETECT (Freynhagen et al, 2006) 
  • Regarding Anxiety, there are specific measurement scales
    1. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) (Hamilton, 1959) 
    2. The State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al, 1999) 
    3. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Beck et al, 1998) 
    4. Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale- Anxiety (HADS-A) (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983)